English Comprehension
Practice Questions & Answers
Rearrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph: 1. A practical step is to expand energy options by shifting from fossil fuels to renewables like solar, wind, and geothermal power. 2. To lessen the most severe impacts of climate change, the world must sharply cut dependence on high-carbon energy production. 3. This transition not only lowers greenhouse gas output but also improves air quality and generates fresh job opportunities. 4. Moreover, policies supporting efficiency in housing and transport can further reduce total energy use. (एक सुसंगत अनुच्छेद बनाने के लिए निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को पुनर्व्यवस्थित करें: 1. A practical step is to expand energy options by shifting from fossil fuels to renewables like solar, wind, and geothermal power. 2. To lessen the most severe impacts of climate change, the world must sharply cut dependence on high-carbon energy production. 3. This transition not only lowers greenhouse gas output but also improves air quality and generates fresh job opportunities. 4. Moreover, policies supporting efficiency in housing and transport can further reduce total energy use.)
Sentence 2 sets the goal of carbon reduction, 1 provides the renewable transition approach, 3 explains the benefits, and 4 presents additional efficiency measures. Sequence: 2, 1, 3, 4. (2 समस्या और लक्ष्य प्रस्तुत करता है, 1 समाधान बताता है, 3 लाभ स्पष्ट करता है और 4 अतिरिक्त नीतिगत उपायों के साथ समाप्त करता है। क्रम: 2, 1, 3, 4।)
A sentence is provided in direct speech. From the four given options, choose the one that most accurately conveys the sentence in its corresponding indirect speech. He said, “Where have you submitted the report?” (प्रत्यक्ष कथन को अप्रत्यक्ष कथन में बदलें: He said, “Where have you submitted the report?”)
In indirect questions, the question word is followed by assertive word order (Subject + Verb) and present perfect changes to past perfect: 'where I had submitted'. (इनडायरेक्ट स्पीच में प्रश्नवाचक शब्द के बाद विषय [Subject] आता है और Present Perfect टेंस Past Perfect ['had submitted'] में बदल जाता है।)
Find the part of the sentence that contains an error: The certification module was structured (1)/ to make the participants capable to resolve (2)/ high-risk compliance issues effectively (3)/ in cross-border financial transactions. (4)/ (वाक्य में त्रुटि वाले भाग की पहचान करें: The certification module was structured [1]/ to make the participants capable to resolve [2]/ high-risk compliance issues effectively [3]/ in cross-border financial transactions. [4]/)
The adjective 'capable' is followed by the preposition 'of' and a gerund ('capable of resolving'), not an infinitive ('capable to resolve'). Error is in part (2). ('Capable' के बाद 'of + V-ing' [capable of resolving] का प्रयोग होता है, न कि 'to resolve' का। अतः भाग [2] में त्रुटि है।)
Choose the most suitable option to substitute the underlined/incorrect phrase: She took great pain to complete the research. (उचित विकल्प का चयन करें: She took great pain to complete the research.)
The idiomatic expression is 'to take pains' (or 'took great pains'), which means to make a lot of effort. (कठिन प्रयास करने के लिए सही मुहावरा 'take pains' [took pains] होता है।)
Rearrange the following sentences to form a meaningful passage: 1. Deforestation contributes significantly to rising atmospheric carbon levels. 2. This accelerates climate instability and disrupts ecosystems. 3. Tropical rainforests are particularly susceptible to large-scale clearing. 4. Immediate conservation measures are essential to restore ecological balance. (सारगर्भित अनुच्छेद बनाने के लिए वाक्यों को पुनर्व्यवस्थित करें: 1. Deforestation contributes significantly to rising atmospheric carbon levels. 2. This accelerates climate instability and disrupts ecosystems. 3. Tropical rainforests are particularly susceptible to large-scale clearing. 4. Immediate conservation measures are essential to restore ecological balance.)
Sentence 3 introduces tropical rainforest clearing, 1 links clearing to carbon levels, 2 highlights consequences ('This accelerates...'), and 4 concludes with necessary measures. Logical flow: 3-1-2-4. (3 में वनों की कटाई की शुरुआत की गई है, 1 इसे कार्बन स्तर से जोड़ता है, 2 इसके परिणामों को बताता है और 4 संरक्षण के उपाय बताता है। सही क्रम 3-1-2-4 है।)
Select the most appropriate synonym of the word: REBELLIOUS (दिए गए शब्द का सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त पर्यायवाची चुनें: REBELLIOUS)
'Rebellious' means showing a desire to resist authority; 'Defiant' is the closest synonym. ('Rebellious' [विद्रोही/अवज्ञाकारी] का सही पर्यायवाची 'Defiant' [अवज्ञाकारी] है।)
Select the most appropriate antonym of the word: Turpitude (दिए गए शब्द का सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विलोम शब्द चुनें: Turpitude)
'Turpitude' means depravity or wickedness. Its antonym is 'Virtue' (moral goodness). ('Turpitude' का अर्थ नीचता या अनैतिकता होता है। इसका विलोम 'Virtue' [सद्गुण/सदाचार] है।)
What central function did English serve in colonial India, as per the passage? (Based on the passage on language in colonial India) (गद्यांश के अनुसार औपनिवेशिक भारत में अंग्रेजी ने क्या मुख्य कार्य किया? [औपनिवेशिक भारत में भाषा संबंधी गद्यांश पर आधारित])
According to the passage, English operated as a mechanism of power, ideology, and authority to consolidate dominance. (गद्यांश के अनुसार, अंग्रेजी भाषा का मुख्य कार्य औपनिवेशिक प्रभुत्व, शक्ति और विचारधारा को स्थापित व मान्य करना था।)
What does the passage suggest by labelling native tongues as “vernaculars”? (Based on the passage on language in colonial India) (गद्यांश देशी भाषाओं को “vernaculars” नाम देने से क्या इंगित करता है? [औपनिवेशिक भारत में भाषा संबंधी गद्यांश पर आधारित])
The passage explicitly notes that labelling them as 'vernaculars' quietly implied provincialism and lesser worth. (गद्यांश में स्पष्ट उल्लेख है कि 'vernaculars' शब्द का उपयोग उन्हें प्रांतीय और कम महत्व [inferior] का दर्शाने के लिए किया गया था।)
Why does the passage consider Macaulay’s Minute of 1835 especially important? (Based on the passage on language in colonial India) (गद्यांश 1835 के मैकाले के विवरण [Minute] को विशेष रूप से महत्वपूर्ण क्यों मानता है? [औपनिवेशिक भारत में भाषा संबंधी गद्यांश पर आधारित])
The passage states that Macaulay's Minute was a strategic cultural project formalizing linguistic hegemony. (मैकाले के 1835 के मिनट ने अंग्रेजी को सांस्कृतिक वर्चस्व और औपनिवेशिक मानदंडों के आंतरिककरण के एक साधन के रूप में औपचारिक रूप दिया।)
Which contradiction in British handling of Indian languages is highlighted in the passage? (Based on the passage on language in colonial India) (गद्यांश में भारतीय भाषाओं के प्रति ब्रिटिश दृष्टिकोण के किस अंतर्विरोध को रेखांकित किया गया है? [औपनिवेशिक भारत में भाषा संबंधी गद्यांश पर आधारित])
The passage mentions that although officials promoted codification, the process drained languages of oral flexibility and cultural nuances. (गद्यांश बताता है कि संहिताबद्ध [codification] करने की प्रक्रिया ने भाषाओं के मौखिक लचीलेपन और सांस्कृतिक बारीकियों को नष्ट कर दिया।)
What enduring consequence of colonial language policy does the passage emphasize? (Based on the passage on language in colonial India) (गद्यांश औपनिवेशिक भाषा नीति के किस स्थायी परिणाम पर बल देता है? [औपनिवेशिक भारत में भाषा संबंधी गद्यांश पर आधारित])
The passage ends by emphasizing that residues of linguistic stratification continue in schooling and social mobility even after Independence. (गद्यांश के अंत में रेखांकित किया गया है कि आजादी के बाद भी शिक्षा और सामाजिक गतिशीलता में भाषाई स्तरीकरण जारी है।)
Find the part of the sentence that contains an error: It was not until the audit findings (1)/ were submitted to the oversight committee (2)/ did the corporation initiated (3)/ a comprehensive internal review. (4)/ (वाक्य में त्रुटि वाले भाग की पहचान करें: It was not until the audit findings [1]/ were submitted to the oversight committee [2]/ did the corporation initiated [3]/ a comprehensive internal review. [4]/)
With the auxiliary verb 'did', the base form of the verb must be used ('initiate', not 'initiated'). Hence, error is in part (3). (सहायक क्रिया 'did' के साथ मुख्य क्रिया का प्रथम रूप [base form: initiate] आता है। अतः भाग [3] में त्रुटि है।)
A sentence is provided in direct speech. From the four given options, choose the one that most accurately conveys the sentence in its corresponding indirect speech. She said, “Let the documents not be circulated without authorization.” (प्रत्यक्ष कथन को अप्रत्यक्ष कथन में बदलें: She said, “Let the documents not be circulated without authorization.”)
Sentences expressing an instruction with 'let ... be' are appropriately converted using 'instructed that ... should (not) be'. ('Let... not be' वाले निर्देशपरक वाक्यों को इनडायरेक्ट स्पीच में 'instructed that ... should not be' के रूप में सही व्यक्त किया जाता है।)
Change the following from active to passive: The manager will send you the confirmation email. (वाक्य को Active से Passive Voice में बदलें: The manager will send you the confirmation email.)
'will send' in simple future active becomes 'will be sent' in passive voice. (Simple Future ['will send'] का पैसिव वॉइस रूप 'will be sent' होता है।)